This panel session will explore how the defence sector is enhancing Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) by developing alternatives to GPS, such as inertial sensors, celestial navigation, and low Earth orbit satellites. These technologies aim to ensure reliable PNT information even when GPS is unavailable. However, integrating these technologies and ensuring their reliability presents challenges. Addressing these issues requires common standards, improved modelling, and prioritization of alternative PNT solutions.
In secure communications, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and advancements in steganography are leading the way. QKD uses quantum mechanics for secure channels, while new steganography algorithms enable hidden communications. Overcoming distance limitations in QKD and practical implementation of steganography remain hurdles. Additionally, sophisticated cyber threats add complexity. Developing scalable quantum communication infrastructure and fostering international collaboration are critical needs.
Timing technology has advanced with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), improving accuracy and resilience. Ensuring synchronization, addressing traditional limitations, and managing environmental impacts are ongoing challenges. Continued innovation and robust synchronization protocols are essential for advancing precision timing.
The success of future space missions hinges on the development and deployment of innovative, reliable, and sustainable energy systems. As missions grow more complex, from extended human habitation on the Moon and Mars to deep-space exploration, powering these endeavours demands advanced technologies and infrastructure. A blend of cutting-edge energy generation, efficient storage, and robust transmission systems is essential. Investing in scalable, sustainable solutions will ensure the energy needs of next-generation missions are met, driving humanitys expansion into space while fostering energy innovations that benefit life on Earth.
To leverage AI effectively for the benefit of citizens and to foster an inclusive and secure digital democracy, these challenges must be addressed through collaborative efforts among governments, private sectors, and civil society. Transparent governance, ethical AI design, robust cybersecurity, and equitable access will be critical to ensuring AI serves as a tool for empowerment and inclusion in a digital democracy.
Connectivity and data is not just a convenience but a necessity for economic development, social inclusion, and innovation. With over 5.3 billion internet users (as of 2023), generating huge amounts of data, our technology, digital infrastructure, and global connectivity continues to advance, so the demand for efficient data handling and transmission is expected to grow steadily. Our use of data creates significant challenges.
CisLunar space is a vital region that bridges Earth and the Moon, offering unparalleled opportunities for exploration, scientific research, and economic development. Its strategic importance makes it a focal point for both governmental and commercial space programs, marking it as the next frontier in humanity’s journey into space. But how will the technology and infrastructure development look and take place?
Managing and regulating Space Domain Awareness (SDA) and space debris is crucial for creating a safe and sustainable space ecosystem, especially as the number of satellites and missions continues to grow. Effective management will rely on advanced technologies, such as AI-driven tracking systems, radar, and space-based sensors, to monitor and predict the movement of active satellites and debris in real time. Regulations must be developed and enforced internationally, promoting responsible behaviour, such as adherence to debris mitigation guidelines, controlled de-orbiting, and post-mission disposal plans. Collaborative efforts between governments, private companies, and international organisations will be essential for establishing shared data repositories and ensuring transparency in orbital activities. Furthermore, innovations in active debris removal, on-orbit servicing, and reusable technologies will play a pivotal role in reducing debris accumulation. Hear from the panel on a cohesive framework that combines robust technological solutions with clear regulatory policies, and which will be key to maintaining the long-term usability and safety of orbital regions for all stakeholders
The increasing reliance on space systems makes them an attractive target for state and non-state actors engaged in cyber warfare. Protecting these assets is not only about defending satellites but also ensuring the uninterrupted operation of the interconnected systems that sustain modern life. By adopting advanced cybersecurity technologies, fostering global cooperation, and prioritising resilience in system design, we can protect the skies and ensure that the lights—both literal and metaphorical—remain on for societies worldwide. The panel will explore the latest solutions to mitigate the threats.
Military satellite communications (MILSATCOM) are vital for global defence operations but face challenges such as security threats, limited bandwidth, resilience, obsolescence, high costs, space debris, and system integration. Overcoming these issues demands advanced technologies, international collaboration, and robust strategies to maintain secure, reliable, and resilient communication networks amid evolving threats. The panel will discuss the issues and potential solutions.
The global space economy is projected to grow from about $500 billion today to more than $1.8 trillion within the next 10 years. Communications, navigation, and earth observation are among the most important applications today, and they will continue to grow. However, much of the anticipated growth will likely come from such activities as in-space manufacturing, medical testing and research, tourism, point-to-point transportation, and the development and operation of off-planet habitats.All these activities will originate at spaceports, and many will be able to take advantage of new reusable launch vehicles that are currently under development. This panel is being hosted by the Global Spaceport Alliance and will include both spaceport operators and launch service providers who can share their perspectives on the future.
As we navigate the complexities of modern defence, it is crucial to recognise the vital role satellites play in our security landscape. They are the backbone of real-time communications, essential not only for civilian applications but also for military and intelligence operations.However, with their importance comes vulnerability. Adversaries are increasingly aware of the potential damage they can inflict on our satellite infrastructure. This makes it imperative for us to strengthen our defences now, before a crisis arises.Nik Smith, Space UK and Europe Director from Lockheed Martin emphasises the urgent need for both civilian and military organisations to collaborate in securing our skies. By investing in robust protective measures, we can ensure the integrity of our satellite systems and, by extension, our national security.
